Fig. 9

TCLPA5 inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. a BV-2 and b PMM were cultured on 24-well plates and serum-starved o/n. The supernatants were collected after incubation with vehicle, 1 μM LPA, or LPA plus TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. The concentrations of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, CCL5 (RANTES), and CXCL2 (MIP-2) were quantitated by ELISA. Results shown represent mean + SD from two independent experiments performed in triplicate (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared to vehicle control; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01; ^### p < 0.001 TCLPA5 compared to LPA treated cells; one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction)