Fig. 2

Semi-quantitative determination of oxidative stress in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. b Semi-quantification of whole lane carbonylation (mean ± SEM) in the brain (n = 6–7/group), spinal cord (n = 6–8/group), and liver (reference tissue, n = 4/group), as exemplified in a. d Semi-quantitative determination of whole lane nitrosylation (mean ± SEM) in the brain (n = 5/group) and spinal cord (n = 5/group), as exemplified in c. g Mean score ± SEM of 8-OHdG positivity in spinal cord gray matter sections (n = 14–50/group) white matter sections (n = 14–50/group, quantified regions are shown in e, scale bar 500 μm), and optic nerve sections (n = 14–40/group), exemplified in f (8-OHdG: red, DAPI: blue, scale bar 50 μm). Examples of 8-OHdG positive “spots” scored 1, 2, and 3, respectively, are shown below. A significant upregulation of protein carbonylation in the brain was seen already 7 days after immunization, whereas tyrosine nitration and formation of 8-OHdG was increased in diseased animals only. Immunization had no impact on protein oxidation in liver tissue. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001