Fig. 6

Effects of miR-132 induction on GFAP expression, cytokine/chemokine expression, and astrocyte survival. Primary human astrocytes were transfected with Tat.His (Tat), ΔBDTat.His (ΔBD), and miR-132i (miR-132i), cultured for 48 h and harvested for immunofluorescence staining for GFAP (red) and DAPI staining for nucleus (blue) (a), Western blotting (c), or qRT-PCR (d). The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of GFAP expression was determined using ImageJ software (b). Meanwhile, the cell culture supernatants were collected and assayed for the LDH release (e). The data (b, d, e) were mean ± SD of triplicates and representative of three independent experiments