Fig. 1

a TEM image of aggregated amyloid-β 1-40, length of 100–500 nm and smooth appearance characteristic of fibers. b Mean ± SEM of iba1-labelled microglia counts in the CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG of the hippocampus following intracerebroventricular infusion of amyloid-β 1-40, normalized for the counts following infusion of control peptide (amyloid-β 40-1). c Sample images of the CA3 region of the hippocampus 15 days following intracerebroventricular infusion of either amyloid-β 1-40 (right) or the control peptide amyloid-β 40-1 (left). d Mean ± SEM of GFAP-labelled astrocyte counts in the CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG of the hippocampus following intracerebroventricular infusion of amyloid-β 1-40, normalized for the counts following infusion of control peptide. e Sample images from the CA3 region of the hippocampus 15 days following intracerebroventricular infusion of either amyloid-β 1-40 (right) or the control peptide amyloid-β 40-1 (left). The top row of images in c and e is enhanced for publication, while the bottom row of images is the same image in which a threshold was applied to show labelled cells. Different letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05) by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. CA cornu ammonis, DG dentate gyrus, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, iba1 ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1. SEM standard error of the mean TEM transmission electron microscopy