Brain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate microglia cell number and morphology in response to intracerebroventricular amyloid-β 1-40 in mice

Table 1 Studies examining neuroinflammatory markers in AD models following omega-3 interventions

Author (year)	AD model	Species	Omega-3 PUFA treatment	Timing of inflammation measurement	Inflammatory outcome
Minogue (2007) [43]	icv aβ 1-40	Rat	125 mg/day EPA vs MUFA × 4 weeks	3 h post-surgery	↓ IFN-γ, IL-1β protein
Lynch (2007) [42]	icv aβ 1-40	Rat	125 mg/day EPA vs MUFA × 4 weeks	3 h post-surgery	↓ IL-1β protein
Lebbadi (2014) [46]	3xTg-AD	Mouse	Fat-1 cross	12 or 20 months old	↓ GFAP,↔iPLA₂, cPLA₂ protein
Parrott (2015) [47]	TgCRND8	Mouse	Whole food diet containing salmon, fruits and vegetables 2.46 mg DHA/g diet	After 7 months feeding	↑ TNF-α mRNA
Wen (2016) [44]	icv aβ 1-40	Rat	150 or 300 mg/kg/day EPA × 27 days	13 days post-surgery	↓ CD11b, GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β mRNA and protein
Wen (2016) [45]	icv aβ 1-40	Rat	300 mg/kg/day DHA-PS or DHA-PC × 27 days	27 days post-surgery	↓ CD11b, GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β mRNA and protein

Aβ amyloid-β, CD cluster of differentiation, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, icv intracerebroventricular, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid, PC phosphatidylcholine, PLA phospholipase A, PS phosphatidylserine, TNF tumor necrosis factor

ISSN: 1742-2094