Fig. 1

Sino treatment reduced ischemic infarct volume and neuronal apoptosis in the MCAO model. a Cerebral infarct volume was assessed via TTC staining 72 h after MCAO. The infarct volume ratio (b) and brain water content (c) were analyzed in each group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs. sham group; ^# p < 0.05 and ^## p < 0.01 vs. the indicated groups. The ischemic penumbra area in the box (d) was assessed for neuronal apoptosis using TUNEL assay. e, f Images and quantitative analysis of apoptosis. Green, TUNEL-positive cells; blue, DAPI. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). Scale bar = 100 μm. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs. sham group; ^# p < 0.05 and ^## p < 0.01 vs. the indicated groups