Fig. 1

Schematic representation of the rat model of acute DFP intoxication. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats are administered pyridostigmine bromide and atropine methyl nitrate prior to administration of DFP to increase survival. Parasympathomimetic symptoms (SLUD) appear within minutes after injection of DFP and rapidly progress to seizures, with status epilepticus beginning within 10 min after DFP exposure. Seizure behavior is monitored for 6 h post-injection and seizure severity scored from 1 (least severe) to 6 (most severe) as indicated in the figure. SLUD salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation