Fig. 5
Acute DFP intoxication increases the number of activated microglia in the hippocampus and cortex. a Representative photomicrographs illustrating the morphology of resting vs. activated IBA1 immunopositive microglia. Bar = 25 μm. b Dot plots illustrating the log number of activated microglia per mm2 in the hippocampus and cortex of VEH and DFP-exposed animals as a function of days post-exposure. Each dot represents the data from an individual animal, while the horizontal gray bars represent the geometric mean for all brain sections at each time point. Note: VEH across all time points are shown as one group because there were no significant time-dependent differences between them. *Significantly different from VEH at p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001. c Geometric mean ratio (dot) and 95 % confidence interval (bar) of the number of activated microglia in DFP-exposed rats relative to VEH. Confidence intervals not overlapping y = 1 (gray horizontal bar) indicate a significant difference relative to VEH (p < .05)