Fig. 9

Acute DFP intoxication causes delayed learning and memory deficits without changing locomotor activity. a Animals were conditioned 2, 6, 13, and 35 days post-exposure using a three-shock conditioning paradigm with foot shocks at 0.7 mA every 30 s. b Animals were tested 24 h later for hippocampal-dependent contextual learning and memory. Data presented as mean ± SD (N = 6 per treatment group). *Significantly different from VEH on the same-day post-exposure (p < .05) as determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak post hoc test. c Locomotor activity was quantified during a 15-min open-field test at 7 days post-exposure in DFP-intoxicated and vehicle control animals. Data presented as the mean ± SD (N = 5 per group). No significant differences between groups were identified using two-tailed Student’s t test