Fig. 4From: Cell cycle inhibition reduces inflammatory responses, neuronal loss, and cognitive deficits induced by hypobaria exposure following traumatic brain injuryHypobaria exposure upregulates the expression of PCNA in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus at 30 days after TBI. a Representative immunofluorescent staining for PCNA (green) and DAPI (blue). b, c Quantification of pixel intensity for PCNA revealed significant increases in the TBI + Veh + HB group in contrast to the TBI-alone tissue. A significant decrease of cyclin D1 expression was observed in the CR8 treatment group in comparison to the TBI/Veh/HB group. N = 4 (sham), 6 (TBI), 6 (TBI/Veh/HB), 6 (TBI/CR8/HB). *p < 0.05, TBI vs. sham injury; $$ p < 0.01, TBI/Veh/HB vs. TBI; # p < 0.05, ### p < 0.001, TBI/CR8/HB vs. TBI/Veh/HB. d Most of the PCNA+ cells (green) in the injured cortex were co-labeled with galectin 3-expressing microglia/macrophages (red; DAPI, blue). Scale bar = 50 μm in a and 25 μm in d Back to article page