Fig. 2

Dexamethasone but not meloxicam affects the levels of CCL2 induced by live Bb at a multiplicity of infection of 10:1 in in vitro cultures of rhesus astrocytes (a–c), rhesus microglia (d–f), and human oligodendrocytes (g–i) after 48 h of incubation. The effect of different concentrations of dexamethasone (b, e, h) and meloxicam (c, f, i) on the levels of CCL2 as induced by live Bb in different glial cells are represented in the graphs. Representative confocal micrographs showing cell morphology and cell culture purity of a primary rhesus astrocytes (GFAP, red), b primary rhesus microglia (IBA-1, green), and c human oligodendrocytes (MBP, green). The nuclei of all cells in a–c appear blue due to staining with the nuclear stain TOPRO3. The two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test were used to evaluate the statistical significance between means and SEM of triplicate data sets for astrocytes and microglia, and the mean and SD from two assessments of human oligodendrocytes, ***p < 0.001