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Table 2 Cytokine release of APC during FTY treatment

From: Fingolimod additionally acts as immunomodulator focused on the innate immune system beyond its prominent effects on lymphocyte recirculation

APC subtype

Cytokine

MS CTRL

MS FTY

p value

slanDC

IL-1beta

13,992.8 (+/−3452.7)

3762.3 (+/−1773.8)

<0.01

 

IL-6

68,729.8 (+/−22,461.7)

52,339.4 (+/−23,723.3)

n.s.

 

TNF-alpha

41,189.0 (+/−7526.0)

18,302.1 (+/−6363.5)

<0.05

 

IL-12

484.9 (+/−99.3)

179.7 (+/−44.6)

<0.05

 

IL-23

3298.2 (+/−990.9)

1304.6 (+/−326.2)

<0.05

CD1 + DC

IL-1beta

405.1 (+/−48.3)

255.7 (+/−57.4)

<0.05

 

IL-6

7556.1 (+/−3401.0)

5270.4 (+/−2260.8)

n.s.

 

TNF-alpha

1190.7 (+/−289.7)

653.1 (+/−19.6)

<0.05

 

IL-12

166.1 (+/−54.0)

182.3 (+/−42.9)

n.s.

 

IL-23

213.2 (+/−15.9)

188.7 (+/−28.8)

n.s.

Monocytes

IL-1beta

6517.8 (+/−1073.1)

4300.2 (+/−620.1)

<0.05

 

IL-6

110,065.0 (+/−17,602.5)

106,537.0 (+/−23,730.0)

n.s.

 

TNF-alpha

9018.8 (+/−2753.8)

4841.4 (+/−809.6)

<0.05

  1. Sorted slanDCs, CD1 + DCs, and monocytes of each ten untreated (MS CTRL) and FTY-treated (MS FTY) RRMS patients were stimulated to induce and analyze cytokine release. Mean values of cytokines in picograms per milliliter are presented, and p values indicate level of statistical significance
  2. n.s. not statistically significant