Fig. 3

Soluble N-cdh increases microglial cell release of immune modulators including TNF-α. Supernatants from control or N-cdh-stimulated (75 nM, 18 h) microglia were tested by ELISA for TNF-α. Results from an experiment performed in triplicate with vehicle, N-cdh, or an equivalent amount of heat-inactivated protein (HI N-cdh; 95 °C for 30 min) are shown in (a) while results from a quadruplicate experiment with vehicle and IgG controls are shown in (b). The difference between control and N-cdh is significant at *p < 0.05 for both experiments. The difference between control groups is not significant for either. N.D. = not detectable. In (c and d), we show results from a similar experiment performed in triplicate with vehicle or N-cdh (75 nM, 18 h). In this experiment, supernatant levels of pro-MMP-9 or MCP-1 were evaluated as indicated, and a significant increase in both was observed