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Fig. 6 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 6

From: NOX2 deficiency alters macrophage phenotype through an IL-10/STAT3 dependent mechanism: implications for traumatic brain injury

Fig. 6

IL-10 is increased in the cortex of NOX2−/− TBI mice. (A) IL-10 mRNA expression was assessed in the ipsilateral cortex of WT and NOX2−/− sham and TBI mice at 24, and 72 h and 7 days post-injury. TBI increased IL-10 mRNA at all time points (** P < 0.01, [24 h], *** P < 0.001 [72 h], vs. sham; ANOVA). IL-10 expression was significantly increased in NOX2−/− TBI mice at 72 h and 7 days (+ P < 0.05, ++\P < 0.01, WT TBI vs. NOX2−/− TBI; ANOVA). All data are expressed as means (± SEM, n=5). (B) Quantification of IL-10 mRNA positive cells in the ipsilateral cortex of WT and NOX2−/− sham and TBI mice at 7 days post-injury. TBI increased IL-10 expression when compared to sham (*** P < 0.001; ANOVA), and this effect was significantly greater in NOX2−/− TBI mice (+ P < 0.05, WT TBI vs. NOX2−/− TBI; ANOVA). All data are expressed as means (± SEM, n = 5). (B1) Schematic representation of the injured coronal brain section, the red squares indicate the fields that were examined in this study. (C–H) Representative images from the ipsilateral cortex of WT (C–D2) and NOX2−/− (E – F2) TBI mice at 7 days post-injury. Images show reduced IL-10 positive cells (red) in the injured cortex of WT TBI (C, inset in D) compared to NOX2−/− TBI mice (E, inset in F). IL-10 was predominantly expressed in microglia/macrophages detected by immunohistochemistry (Iba-1, green) and nuclei (dapi, blue) in both groups; WT (C1 – C2, insets in D – D2) and in NOX2−/− TBI mice (E1 – E2, insets in F2 – F3). A white striped line delineates the cavity and the perilesional cortex (C–C2 and E–E2). (G) Table illustrating quantification analysis of %IL-10/Iba-1+ cells in the ipsilateral cortex of WT and NOX2−/− sham and TBI mice. (H) High magnification (inset circle in D–D2) of a representative image for IL-10 positive (h1) microglia/macrophage (h2–h3, Iba-1 in green, dapi in blue) showing cytoplasmic and perinuclear IL-10 mRNA expression with puncta spike that represents a single IL-10 mRNA transcript (white arrowheads in h1). Scale bars 75 μm for C–C2 and E–E2; F2; 50 μm D–D2, F–F2; and 20 μm for h1–h3

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