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Fig. 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 1

From: Mu-opioid receptor and delta-opioid receptor differentially regulate microglial inflammatory response to control proopiomelanocortin neuronal apoptosis in the hypothalamus: effects of neonatal alcohol

Fig. 1

Effect of fetal alcohol exposure on microglia and proopiomelanocortin neuron interaction in the hypothalamus. Showing the changes in the protein level of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (a), mRNA level of cytokine MCP1 (b), cytokine receptors CSFR1 (c), and TLR4 (d) in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of alcohol-fed (AF), pair-fed (PF) and ad lib-fed rats on postnatal day (PND) 6 as determined through Western blot and q-RTPCR, respectively. Representative photographs of IBA-1-positive cells (e) and histograms representing the mean ± SEM number of IBA-1-positive cells (f) in the MBH of AF, PF, and AD rats on PND 6. Scale bars shown in three photographs of panel e are 200 μm/each. Characterization of IBA-1-stained microglial cells in the mediobasal hypothalamus based on circularity (partially ramified (g); partially amoeboid (h); fully amoeboid (i)) in AD, PF, and AF of rat pups on PND 6. Scale bars in these figures are 20 μm/each. Representative 3D rendering of IBA-1 microglia and GFP-POMC neurons interacting (j).Scale bars are 20 μm/each. Quantification of soma/process interaction of microglia with POMC neurons (k). Representative images of POMC-stained neurons in the arcuate nucleus (l) and histograms representing the mean ± SEM number of POMC-positive cells in the arcuate nucleus of AF, PF, and AD rats on PND 6 (m). Scale bars are 200 μm/each. Representative images of ß-endorphin-stained neurons in the arcuate nucleus (n) and histograms representing the mean ± SEM number of ß-endorphin-positive cells in the arcuate nucleus of AD, PF, and AF and AF + M (minocycline-treated and alcohol-fed) rats on PND 6 (o). Scale bars are 200 μm/each. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 5–7). The differences between AD, PF, and AF were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Newman-Keuls posttest. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, AF vs PF and AD, a p < 0.05, AF vs AD, # p < 0.05, AF vs PF, ## p < 0.01, AF vs PF, ### p < 0.001, AF vs PF

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