Fig. 4

Exposure to trauma-conditioned medium increases VGSCs in membrane and decreases neuronal survival. a Representative immunoblotting results of VGSC expression in primary cortical neurons after exposure to conditioned medium for 6 or 24 h by injured mixed cultures (with or without BDNF supplementation). b Relative quantitation analysis of effects of exposure to trauma-conditioned medium on the number of VGSCs in membranes. *p < 0.05: trauma versus control; trauma + BDNF versus trauma (two-way ANOVA analysis with Tukey’s post hoc test was performed with treatment and exposure time as independent variables). c, d Cell viability of intact neurons in control group or exposure to conditioned medium for 6 or 24 h by injured mixed cultures (with or without BDNF supplementation) was tested by CCK-8 kit. Values indicate mean ± SEM of three separate experiments. *p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test)