Fig. 2

Expression of TXNIP and inflammatory factors at various time points after SAH; TXNIP expression in rat brain was assessed by histological fluorescence analysis. Representative Western blot of TXNIP, TRX1, NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1 (CC1) and cleaved IL-1β (a). Densitometric quantification of protein band optical densities for TXNIP and associated proteins (b–f). TXNIP expression increased significantly after SAH (a, b). The expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, CC1 and IL-1β was also elevated after surgery and was accompanied by downregulation of TRX1 (a, c–f). Results were analysed using the Fusion system (fx 7 Spectra, Vilber, France) and expressed as a percentage of the values for β-actin. ^# p < 0.05 vs. sham. Representative histological immunofluorescence staining of TXNIP co-localized in neurons, microglia and astrocytes (g–i, detected by fluorescence microscopy, FV1200, Olympus, Japan). TXNIP was co-localized with NEUN-positive cells (neurons) (g, n = 3); TXNIP (green), NEUN (red), DAPI (nucleus, blue), original magnification ×1200. TXNIP was also co-localized with IBA1-positive cells (microglia) and GFAP-positive cells (astrocytes) in the subcortex (h, i, n = 3). h TXNIP (red), IBA1 (green), DAPI (blue), original magnification ×1200. i TXNIP (green), GFAP (red), DAPI (blue), original magnification ×1200. Scale bars: g 20 μm, h 20 μm, and i 20 μm. TXNIP thioredoxin-interacting protein, TRX1 thioredoxin 1, NLRP3 inflammasome nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, IL-1β interleukin-1β, CC1 cleaved Caspase-1, NEUN neuron-specific nuclear protein, DAPI 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, IBA1 ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1