Fig. 4

Significant increase in serum TNF-α levels in LPS-treated WT mice compared with LPS-treated PDE3A KO mice, 26 h after the first LPS injection (or 2 h after the last LPS injection) (a). No significant difference in the serum TNF-α levels between the LPS-treated WT mice compared with the LPS-treated PDE3A KO mice, 48 h after the first LPS injection (a). No detectable TNF-α levels were observed in the saline-treated WT and PDE3A KO mice. Significant correlation between the serum TNF-α levels of LPS-treated WT mice and number of H&E-positive CMH (N = 15). (b). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (a) and scatter plot with Spearman correlation coefficient (b). Statistical test: Student’s t test for TNF-α level comparison at 26 h and Spearman correlation coefficient. *p < 0.05