Fig. 7

Effect of genetic deletion of PDE3A on neuroinflammation and BBB function in the inflammation-induced CMH mouse model. Significant increase in ICAM-1 (a), Iba-1 (b), and GFAP (c) positive immunoreactive area in the LPS-treated WT and LPS-treated PDE3A KO mice compared with their respective saline controls. Significant reduction in ICAM-1 in both the saline-treated PDE3A KO and LPS-treated PDE3A KO mice compared with their respective WT controls (a). Significant reduction in GFAP positive immunoreactive area in the LPS-treated PDE3A KO mice compared with LPS-treated WT mice (c). No effect of PDE3A deletion on Iba-1. Significant increase in brain IgG (d), fibrinogen (e), and claudin-5 (f) in the LPS-treated WT and LPS-treated PDE3A KO mice compared with their respective saline controls. No significant difference in any of these markers of BBB function with PDE3A deletion. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical test: one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-test or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001