Fig. 8

Effect of pharmacological inhibition of PDE3A on neuroinflammation and BBB function in the CAA-associated CMH mouse model. Significant increase in ICAM-1 (a) and Iba-1 (b) positive immunoreactive area in the Tg mice compared with the WT mice. No effect of PDE3A inhibition with cilostazol on ICAM-1 and Iba-1. Significant increase in GFAP positive immunoreactive area in the Tg mice treated with cilostazol compared with treated WT mice (c). No significant difference in brain IgG (d), fibrinogen (e), and claudin-5 (f) between Tg and WT mice. Pharmacological inhibition of PDE3A had no effect on any of these markers of BBB function. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical test: one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-test or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001