Fig. 1

OCT imaging and immunohistochemistry labeling after retinal detachment (RD). a Retinal thickness fundus maps and b corresponding segmented retinal volumes revealed displacement of the superior retina into the vitreous cavity. In b, location of inner segment/outer segment border is marked by yellow line. c Individual OCT b-scans extracted from volumes in b demonstrated successful RD without any retinal holes. Scale bar = 200 μm. d Retina flat mounts (bar = 100 μm) and e cryosections (bar = 50 μm) were used to investigate the spatial distribution of bone marrow-derived monocytes (CD11b^high, red round cells) and resident retinal microglia (Iba1^high, green cells) after RD. In normal retina, there were no monocytes; resident microglia exhibited a resting, ramified-shape, and they were initially confined to ganglia and plexiform layers. After the first day of detachment, an increased number of monocytes infiltrated into untreated RD retina; microglia were activated and showed amoeboid morphology. Recruited monocytes floated in the vitreous space, infiltrated the ganglia layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer, and inner nuclear layer (INL). Both nuclear layers were defined using DAPI (blue). Activated microglia also became phagocytic, migrated into the outer nuclear layer, and engulfed photoreceptor cell bodies. Choroid-derived macrophages accumulated in the subretinal space