Fig. 8From: Evidence for an early innate immune response in the motor cortex of ALSMCP1+ and CCR2+ cells are located in close proximity to CSMN in the MCP1-CCR2-hSOD1G93A mice. a Experimental design depicting retrograde transduction of CSMN approach using AAV-eGFP in the MCP1-CCR2-WT and MCP1-CCR2-hSOD1G93A mice. AAV2-eGFP was injected into the CST of mice at P30, and tissue was collected at P60. b, c Representative image shows relative location of MCP1+ cells and transduced CSMN (eGFP+) in the motor cortex of MCP1-CCR2-WT mice. d, e Representative image shows relative location and increased numbers of MCP1+ cells and transduced CSMN (eGFP+) in the motor cortex of MCP1-CCR2-hSOD1G93A mice. f–i Representative images showing MCP1+ cells that co-localize with phagocytic marker CD68 and their location in respect to transduced CSMN (eGFP+) in the motor cortex of MCP1-CCR2-WT mice. MCP1+ cells have ramified morphology with low levels of CD68, and there is no evidence of direct interaction with healthy CSMN neither at the layer V (f, g)—cell body—nor at the layer II/III (h, i), apical dendrite level. j Representative image shows MCP1+ cells in close proximity of diseased CSMN (j, insets) in the layer V of motor cortex in MCP1-CCR2-hSOD1G93A mice. k–n Orthogonal views demonstrate cell-cell interactions of MCP1+ cells expressing phagocytic marker CD68 and diseased CSMN in the layer V of motor cortex demonstrate cell-cell interactions with diseased CSMN in the MCP1-CCR2-hSOD1G93A mice. o–u Representative images showing interactions of MCP1+ and CCR2+ cells with apical dendrites of diseased CSMN in the layer II/III of motor cortex in MCP1-CCR2-hSOD1G93A mice. o Representative image showing CCR2+ cells in close proximity to the apical dendrite of a diseased CSMN in MCP1-CCR2-hSOD1G93A mice. CCR2+ cells co-localize with infiltrating monocyte marker Ly6C (o, arrowhead and insets enlarged to the right) and monocyte CD45 (q–t). p Apical dendrites are vacuolated and surrounded by several MCP1+ cells (Insets are enlarged to the right). u Orthogonal view of direct cell-cell interactions of MCP1+ cell expressing phagocytic marker CD68 with vacuolated dendrite of diseased CSMN in the motor cortex of MCP1-CCR2-hSOD1G93A mice. Scale bars: b–e = 200 μm; f–j, o, p = 20 μm; q–t = 10 μmBack to article page