Fig. 4

Levels of cytokines in CSF of HSE (n = 12) and HSM (n = 8) patients compared to healthy controls (n = 20–33). a GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-4. b IL-10, IL-16, and TNF-α. c IL-6 and MIF. Data are presented as individual values with medians indicated by horizontal bars. CSF comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis’ non-parametric test with Dunn’s post-test in GraphPad Prism version 6 (GraphPad Software). Abbreviations: CSF cerebrospinal fluid, HSE herpes simplex encephalitis, HSM herpes simplex meningitis