Fig. 5

Effects of intraventricular administration of M2-like monocyte-derived macrophages or non-primed monocytes on post-stroke behavioral recovery. Performance in open-field test, corridor test, and active avoidance test at 2 or 3 weeks and 3 months after injection of M2-like monocyte-derived macrophages (n = 6, a–c), or non-primed monocytes (n = 6, d) or vehicle (n = 5, a–d) into the ipsilateral lateral ventricle 1 day after cortical stroke. Means ± SEM. Asterisk: significant difference compared to vehicle-injected animals, unpaired t test (a, b open-field test and corridor test in d) and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (c active avoidance test in d). Contralateral side touches (% of total) indicate percentage of pellets eaten or smelled on the contralateral side out of those on contralateral and ipsilateral sides combined (b, corridor test in d). Pre-train, Train, and Trial indicate pre-training stage (for 1 day), training stage (for 3 days), and trial test (for 4 days) of active avoidance test, respectively (c active avoidance test in d)