Fig. 3

Effect of atorvastatin treatment on leukocyte invasion after TBI. a, b Representative immunohistochemically photomicrographs of neutrophils (MPO⁺, a) and T cells (CD3⁺, b) in the peri-contusional cortex after TBI. Scale bar = 200 μm. Inset display high magnification images of a positive cell. c, d Cell count analysis of neutrophils (c) and T cells (d) in the different groups. Atorvastatin-treated mice had significantly fewer infiltrated neutrophils (at 24 h), and infiltrated T cells (at 72 h) compared with those in saline-treated mice after TBI. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ***p < 0.001 versus sham group, ^# p < 0.05 versus TBI + saline group. n = 6/group