Fig. 2

TMP significantly inhibited CCI-induced activation of astrocytes. a Single administration (the third band) and consecutive administration (the fourth band) of TMP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly suppressed CCI-induced expression of GFAP in the spinal cord. b Consecutive administration of TMP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly suppressed CCI-induced expression of GFAP in the spinal cord. TMP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) was consecutively administered daily from days 14 to 18 after the CCI operation. The lumbar spines (L4–L6) were collected and analyzed at 4 h after the last drug administration. c Single administration of TMP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly suppressed CCI-induced expression of GFAP in the spinal cord. The lumbar spines (L4–L6) were collected and analyzed at 4 h after TMP administration. Confocal images and immunofluorescence analysis data showing GFAP in the dorsal horns. Quantification of immunofluorescence was represented as the mean fluorescent pixels in the superficial dorsal horns. One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference at *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. control; and ^# P < 0.05 and ^## P < 0.01 vs. CCI group