Fig. 4

TMP selectively inhibited CCI-induced phosphorylation of JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase in the spinal cord. a Single administration of TMP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited CCI-induced phosphorylation of JNK after CCI operation, but not p38 or ERK. Representative bands and a data summary (n = 6) are shown. b Consecutive administration of TMP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 days from 14 days after CCI operation inhibited CCI-induced phosphorylation of JNK, but not p38 or ERK. Data summary (n = 6) is shown. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference at *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. control; and ^# P < 0.05 and ^## P < 0.01 vs. CCI group (Bonferroni post hoc tests). c Confocal images and immunofluorescence analysis data showing the effect of TMP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) on the expression of GFAP and p-JNK in the spinal cord. Quantification of immunofluorescence is represented as the mean fluorescence pixels in the superficial dorsal horns (n = 3, five images per animal). TMP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) was consecutively administered daily from the 14th day to the 18th day after CCI operation. The lumbar spines (L1–L6) were collected and analyzed 4 h after the last drug administration. A significant difference was at *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control; ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01 vs. CCI group