Fig. 8

TMP inhibits IL-1β-induced TAK-1, JNK phosphorylation, and GFAP activation of astrocytes in vitro. Before the treatment of IL-1β (20 ng/ml), astrocyte cell line C8 were pretreated with different doses (0.5, 5, and 50 μM) of TMP for 30 min. TMP significantly reduced TAK-1, JNK phosphorylation, and GFAP. A significant difference was at *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control; ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01 vs. IL-1β group