Fig. 4

Chronic phase glibenclamide reduces inflammation and improves the macrophage phenotype in EAE. White matter of lumbar spinal cord sections from non-EAE control (CTR), untreated EAE mouse (EAE), and EAE mouse treated with glibenclamide starting on pid-24 (EAE + G), examined at pid-40, immunolabeled for p65 (NF-κB subunit), GFAP (astrocytosis), CD86 (M1 marker) or CD163 (M2 marker), as indicated; original magnification, × 400; bar graphs: quantification of p65+, GFAP, CD86+, and CD163+ cells in white matter; 5 mice/group; ^## P < 0.01 with respect to non-EAE control (CTR); *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 with respect to untreated EAE; scale bars 100 μm