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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 4

From: Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency is associated with augmented inflammation and microvascular degeneration in the retina

Fig. 4

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency is associated with upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the retina of hph-1 mice. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed on whole retinas at P22 from control (WT) and hph-1 animals; control values were set at 1. A significant increase in retinal mRNA expression of IL-1β (p < 0.005), NLRP3 (p < 0.03), IL-6 (p < 0.04), and TSP-1 (p < 0.005) and decrease on Norrin (p < 0.0001), and its receptor Frizzled 4 (FZD4; p < 0.001) was detected in hph-1 retinas compared with the control. Values are mean ± SEM of n = 9–10 animals per group. The fold changes were normalized to 18S as internal control. Significant differences (p value) in the mRNA levels between control and hph-1 mice are shown in the graphs; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001 compared to the control

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