Fig. 3

PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone reverses HIV-1_ADA gp120-mediated inflammatory responses in hippocampus. Adult Wistar rats were administered IP, 30 min prior to ICV bilateral injection of 4 μg/ventricle HIV-1_ADA gp120 with rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg) or co-administration of rosiglitazone with GW9662 (5 mg/kg). Saline (control) and gp120 (vehicle) animals received the same volume of DMSO/saline 1:10 IP. Hippocampus brain regions were isolated 24 h post ICV, and a TNFα, b IL-1β, and c iNOS mRNA levels were measured using qPCR. Cyclophilin B was used as the housekeeping gene. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM relative to saline group (control) n = 7–12 animals/group. Asterisks and pound symbol represent data points significantly different from saline (control) and gp120 (vehicle) respectively (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, ##p < 0.01)