Fig. 3

Differential expression of surface molecules on monocytes from healthy control (HC), MS, and NMOSD patients. Monocytes were purified using MACS CD14⁺ isolation kit from PBMCs. a Representative overlaid histograms of five different surface markers (CD80, CD86, ICAM-1, HLA-DR, CD16) after stimulation of HC, MS, or NMOSD monocytes with IFN-γ (100 ng/mL) and/or CD40L (1.0 μg/mL) for 24 h. The dashed lines represent the peak of fluorescence intensity in healthy US individuals. The histograms were created using Flowjo software. b Large-scale analysis of surface molecules comparing three groups (n = 15). Assessment of statistical significance was performed by two-way ANOVA. Data are mean ± S.E.M of 15 subjects each. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. MFI median fluorescence intensity, US unstimulated, I interferon-γ, 40 L CD40L