Fig. 7

Transendothelial migration of activated Th1 or Th17 cells towards Th1- or Th17-treated astrocytes. Confluent monolayers of primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were cultured on the upper side of Transwell inserts. These inserts were incubated for 4 h with astrocytes that were previously treated with medium and Th1 or Th17 supernatants. Following this, activated Th1 or Th17 cells were added to respective inserts and migration of T cells through the endothelial layer was determined by flow cytometry. a The dot plots represent the migration of Th1 cells (upper panel) and Th17 cells (lower panel) in response to medium (right) and Th1 (middle) and Th17 (left) supernatant-treated astrocytes. The numbers in each plot represent the FACS counts of cells in the CD4⁺ gate following the acquisition of the entire sample. Fold changes in migration of Th1 (b) and Th17 (c) cells in response to Th1- or Th17-treated astrocytes were calculated by normalizing to the migration observed in response to medium-treated astrocytes. The results are representative of at least four independent experiments: b n = 4 and c n = 5. All data are mean ± SEM with *p ≤ 0.05 and **p ≤ 0.01