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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 4

From: Inhibiting the microglia activation improves the spatial memory and adult neurogenesis in rat hippocampus during 48 h of sleep deprivation

Fig. 4

Minocycline treatment balances the fold changes in the inflammatory cytokines in hippocampus during SD. Fold changes in the inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus at protein level. a TNF-α. b IL-1β. c IL-6. d IL-4. e IL-10. Fold changes in the inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus at mRNA level. f TNF-α. g IL-1β. h IL-6. i IL-4. j IL-10. k Heat map showing the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in hippocampus and plasma. l Pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines ratio in the hippocampus and plasma. *p < 0.05 when compared to control treated with vehicle, ϕ p < 0.05 when compared to sleep deprived treated with vehicle. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was used

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