MicroRNA expression changes in association with changes in interleukin-1ß/interleukin10 ratios produced by monocytes in autism spectrum disorders: their association with neuropsychiatric symptoms and comorbid conditions (observational study)

Table 8 Summary of clinical features of ASD subjects with high/low IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios vs. ASD subjects with normal ratios

Clinical characteristics	ASD subjects IL-1ß/IL-10 ratio High or low (N = 43)	ASD subjects IL-1ß/IL-10 ratio Normal (N = 26)	Fisher’s exact test
Age median, year (range)^a	12.1 (3.3–27.0)	11.9 (3.8–22)^a
Gender (male/female)	33:10	20:6	1.0
Cognitive skills < 1st %	33/43 (76.7%)	17/26 (65.3%)	0.4055
Social skills^b < 1st %	40/43 (93.0%)	18/26 (69.2%)	0.0154
NFA^c	31/43 (72.1%)	11/26 (42.3%)	0.0373
Seizures	7/43 (16.3%)	1/26 (3.8%)	0.243
Asthma^d	5/43 (11.6%)	1/26 (3.8%)	0.3978
Allergic rhinitis	7/43 (16.3%)	2/26 (7.7%)	0.4664
Antibody deficiency	8/43 (18.6%)	2/26 (7.7%)	0.2993

^aAge entered to the study
^bSocial skills were based on school assessment and VABS scores conducted at school or at our clinic
^cNon-IgE-mediated food allergy (NFA) and diagnosis of NFA are detailed in the methods section
^dNon-ASD controls employed in this study were all developing typically without history of asthma, seizure disorder, or antibody deficiency. Allergic rhinitis is reported in 2 non-ASD controls. Two non-ASD subjects reported a history of NFA, but they were tolerating a regular diet at the time of sample obtainment, following complete resolution of NFA symptoms

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