Fig. 6

Proliferative responses of primary cultures of microglia and astrocytes. a The expression of proliferation genes (Ki67 and Cdk1) was analyzed in primary cultures of microglia and astrocytes following vehicle (veh; open boxes), 20 ng/ml IL-4 (closed boxes) or 20 ng/ml CSF-1 (gray boxes) treatments. Bars represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. Data sets for each gene were calculated using the 2^-ddCt method with respect to the mean value of the vehicle group. Bars represent mean values ± SEM (n = 3). Student’s unpaired t test, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. b BrdU incorporation was evaluated by flow cytometry in microglia and astrocytes treated with 20 ng/ml IL-4 (closed boxes) or 20 ng/ml CSF-1 (gray boxes) added to culture medium containing high (15%) or low (5%) serum concentrations. Bars represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate (n = 3). Student’s unpaired t test, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus vehicle; °°°p < 0.001 versus vehicle high FBS