Fig. 2

TCLPA5 and CRT0066101 (CRT) inhibit LPA-mediated downstream signaling. a PMM were preincubated overnight with TCLPA5 (5 μM) or CRT (1 μM) before treatment with LPA (1 μM) or LPA (1 μM) plus each inhibitor for the indicated times. Cells incubated with 0.1% BSA or DMSO were used as controls. The phosphorylation states of PKDs, JNK, AKT, ERK1/ERK2, and p38 were detected using western blotting. One representative blot is shown. b Densitometric analysis of western blots (N = 3). Results represent mean values + SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared to DMSO-treated cells; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001, LPA plus TCLPA5 or CRT versus DMSO + LPA; one-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni correction)