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Fig. 8 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 8

From: Lysophosphatidic acid via LPA-receptor 5/protein kinase D-dependent pathways induces a motile and pro-inflammatory microglial phenotype

Fig. 8

LPA alters BV-2 and PMM morphology. a BV-2 and b PMM were cultured on Permanox slides and serum-starved overnight prior LPA treatment (1 μM; 24 h). Cells were incubated with rabbit anti-mouse Iba-1 antibody (1:100) and Cy-3-labeled secondary goat anti-rabbit antibody (1:200), mounted, and examined by a Leica confocal microscope. Representative micrographs depict morphological changes upon LPA treatment. Morphological analysis (cell area and perimeter) and analysis of Iba-1 fluorescence intensity were performed using ImageJ (right panels). At least 50 cells out of three different areas per chamber were measured in two independent experiments. The results are presented as mean + SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; unpaired Student’s t test). Scale bars (phase contrast) = 200 μm; scale bars (Iba-1) = 20 μm

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