Fig. 2

IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-1ra, and TGF-β1 mRNA levels in MS patient/HC subject-derived monocytes. qPCR analysis was performed to detect a IL-1β (HC N = 9/MS N = 15), b TNF-α (HC N = 10/MS N = 13), c IL-1ra (HC N = 8/MS N = 14), and d TGF-β1 (HC N = 8/MS N = 14) mRNA levels in primary monocytes from MS patients and HC subjects. Data are shown in box-and-whiskers plots in which the median is represented by a horizontal line within the box, and the lower and upper whiskers represent the 5 and 95 percentiles. **p < 0.01. MS multiple sclerosis, HC healthy controls