Fig. 6

Exosomes isolated from LPS-treated mice increase the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in periphery and CNS. Whole blood, liver, and brain tissues were collected from the recipient mice 24 h after intravenous administration of 1 mg of exosomes (in 200 μl PBS) isolated from the donor mice which received one of the three LPS regimens. a–f The expression profile of TNF-α (a–c) and IL-6 (d–f) mRNA levels in the whole blood (a and d), liver (b and e), and brain (c and f) of the recipient mice. g, h TNF-α concentrations in the serum (g) and liver homogenates (h) from the recipient mice. i The levels of miR-155 in the brain of the recipient mice. n = 3–5 per group. Data represent mean ± SEM; ns no statistical significance, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001