Fig. 2

Cytokine secretion by purified monocytes of early-onset OCD and healthy controls. Monocytes were cultured for 24 h with vehicle, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1 ng/mL or pretreatment with dexamethasone (DEX) 100 nM for 30 min followed by addition of LPS 1 ng/mL. Cytokine secretion was assessed in culture supernatants using Luminex xMAP Technology. Due to limitations of the immunoassay sensitivity, the sample sizes may vary for each cytokine: IL-1β, 100 OCD and 43 controls; IL-6, 79 OCD and 39 controls; GM-CSF, 100 OCD and 44 controls; TNF-α, 98 OCD and 44 controls; and IL-8, 79 OCD and 40 controls. Results are expressed as means ± SEM of the original data, prior to log transformation. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate general linear model adjusted for age and gender with natural-log-transformed data.*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01