Fig. 2
From: Upregulation of HMGB1-TLR4 inflammatory pathway in focal cortical dysplasia type II
The mRNA expression of HMGB1-TLR4 pathway in FCD II whole tissue samples. Real-time PCR was performed for detecting mRNA expression levels of TLR4, HMGB1, and two pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. a, c, d The mRNA expression levels of TLR4, IL-1β, and TNF-α in FCD brain tissues were significantly higher than those in the peri-FCD tissue. b No significant difference between FCD and peri-FCD was observed with respect to the mRNA expression of HMGB1. The values are the mean ± SEM (n = 8) (**P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001)