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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 4

From: Upregulation of HMGB1-TLR4 inflammatory pathway in focal cortical dysplasia type II

Fig. 4

The expression and distribution of TLR4 and HMGB1 in astrocytes of FCD lesion and control. Immunofluorescence double staining for the expression and astrocytic localization of TLR4 and HMGB1. TLR4 immunoreactivity (in green) in FCD lesion tissue was detected in astrocytes (as indicated by arrows in d) which were visualized by the astrocytic marker GFAP (in red) (ad), but not in control tissue (eh). The percentage of TLR4-postive astrocytes in FCD and peri-FCD tissue was presented (q). HMGB1 (in green) was expressed in the astrocyte cytoplasm of the lesion area (il; as indicated by arrows in l), but with Hoechst 33342 (in cyan) in peri-FCD area (mp). The percentage of HMGB1-GFAP colocalization in lesion and control area was presented (r). Scale bars = 40 μm. The values are the mean ± SEM (n = 8) (**P < 0.01)

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