Fig. 1From: Ginsenoside Re protects methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice via upregulation of dynorphin-mediated κ-opioid receptor and downregulation of substance P-mediated neurokinin 1 receptorMA-induced changes in dynorphin level, prodynorphin mRNA, and substance P mRNA expression. Changes in dynorphin level (a), prodynorphin (b), and substance P (c) mRNA expression in the dorsal striatum of wild-type mice. Sal = saline, MA = methamphetamine 35 mg/kg, i.p. Each value is the mean ± SEM of six animals (one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD pairwise comparisons)Back to article page