Fig. 4

PEA reduces S100B/iNOS expression in submucosal plexi of HIV-1 Tat-treated rat. Immunofluorescence analysis showing that HIV-1 Tat (130 ng/Kg) induced a marked increase of S100B and iNOS expression in submucosal plexi that was reduced by PEA through a PPARα-dependent mechanism. Bisacodyl (20 mg/kg) administration failed to significantly affect S100B/iNOS co-expression. a The panel shows S100B (red) and iNOS (green) immunoreactivity and b their respective quantification (open and filled bars indicate S100B and iNOS expression, respectively). The results are expressed as mean ± SEM of n = 5 experiments. ***p < 0.001 vs. vehicle group; °°p < 0.01 and °°°p < 0.001 vs. HIV-1 Tat group. Scale bar = 20 μm