Fig. 1

Human astrocyte co-culture increases B cell survival and CD86 expression. Human astrocytes (Astro) were stimulated (Stim) with recombinant human IFNγ (10 ng/mL) and IL-1β (10 ng/mL) or received no stimulation (Unstim) for 24 h. Astrocytes were then washed and co-cultured with human B cells in serum-free medium. B cells were also cultured without astrocytes in serum-free medium only (B alone). a Following 5 days of co-culture, we gated on CD20+ cells and assessed B cell viability through 7AAD staining. b Percentage of viable B cells from 9 independent donors after 5 days of co-culture. c CD86 expression in B cells was assessed by flow cytometry after 2 days. Percentage of CD86-positive cells (d) and CD86 MFI (e) from 8 independent donors (data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (b) and paired t test (c); *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001)