Fig. 3

Galantamine attenuated neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of LPS-exposed mice. The protein level of NF-κB p65 was examined by western blot (a). The mRNA levels of IL-1β (b), IL-6 (c), and TNF-α (d) in the hippocampus of mice were examined by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). The level of each mRNA was normalized to the mRNA level of β-actin as an endogenous control. Data are reported as mean ± SEM (n = 5). ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, as compared with the control group; ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001, as compared with the LPS group