Fig. 5

Intratrigeminal ganglionic injection of IL-1β resulted in decrease in the head withdrawal threshold and upregulation of Nav1.7, COX-2, and phospho-CREB expressions in both male and female rats. a The head withdrawal threshold in the TMJ region 1 week before or after cannula implantation in male and female rats. Independent samples t test, *P < 0.05; n = 15. NS, no significance. b The head withdrawal threshold 24 h after intratrigeminal ganglionic injection of IL-1β or vehicle in both male and female rats. One-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05 versus the male control or vehicle group, ^#P < 0.05 versus the control or vehicle group of both female and male rats, ^&P < 0.05 versus the male IL-1β group; n = 5. c mRNA expressions of Nav1.7 and COX-2 24 h after intratrigeminal ganglionic injection of IL-1β in male and female rats. One-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05 versus the male control or vehicle group, ^#P < 0.05 versus the female control or vehicle group; n = 3. d Protein expressions of Nav1.7, COX-2, and phospho-CREB 24 h after intratrigeminal ganglionic injection of IL-1β in male and female rats. Quantification of protein expressions were presented as fold change of the control group (low panel). One-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05 versus the male control or vehicle group, ^#P < 0.05 versus the female control or vehicle group; n = 3