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Fig. 7 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 7

From: Glial interleukin-1β upregulates neuronal sodium channel 1.7 in trigeminal ganglion contributing to temporomandibular joint inflammatory hypernociception in rats

Fig. 7

TMJ inflammation-induced SGCs activation involved in inflammatory hypernociception through communication between glial IL-1β/COX-2 and neuronal phospho-CREB/Nav1.7. a Confocal images of immunofluorescent staining of GFAP, which was not affected in TG explants after treatment with IL-1β for 24 h. b Confocal images of immunofluorescent staining of GFAP, which was increased, specifically surrounding neurons-innervating TMJ (red box), in the TG after TMJ inflammation. The number of GFAP-positive cells was presented with histogram (right panel). V3 represents the mandibular division, and V1 and V2 represent the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions. c TMJ inflammation-induced upregulation of IL-1β, COX-2, and Nav1.7 mRNA expressions in TG were blocked by intratrigeminal injection of SGC activation inhibitor fluorocitrate. One-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05 versus the control group; n = 3. d TMJ inflammation-induced upregulation of GFAP, IL-1β, COX-2, phospho-CREB, and Nav1.7 protein expressions in TG were blocked by intratrigeminal injection of SGC activation inhibitor fluorocitrate. Quantification of protein expressions were presented as fold change of the control group (right panel). One-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05 versus the control group; n = 3. e SGC activation inhibitor fluorocitrate partly blocked TMJ inflammation-induced decrease in the head withdrawal threshold. One-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05 versus the control group; n = 5. f The head withdrawal threshold showed no difference among the control, vehicle, and fluorocitrate groups after injection of vehicle or fluorocitrate for 24 h. One-way ANOVA, P > 0.05 versus the control group; n = 5. g Confocal images of immunofluorescent staining of IL-1β, COX-2, phospho-CREB, and Nav1.7 in TG. TMJ inflammation-induced increase in immunofluorescent staining of IL-1β and COX-2 in SGCs, and phospho-CREB and Nav1.7 in neurons were blocked by intratrigeminal injection of fluorocitrate. The number of IL-1β-, COX-2-, phospho-CREB-, or Nav1.7-positive cells was presented with histogram (right panel). 1: control group; 2: TMJ inflammation group; 3: fluorocitrate + TMJ inflammation group. h Confocal images of immunofluorescent staining of IL-1β and COX-2 co-localized with GFAP in TG. IL-1β (red) or COX-2 (red) co-stained with GFAP (green) in SGCs became orange-yellow after TMJ inflammation (as indicated by the arrows). The percentage of GFAP-positive SGCs expressing of IL-1β or COX-2 were presented with histogram (right panel). Red bar represents 20 μm. Fluorocitrate: an inhibitor of SGC activation

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