Fig. 1

IgG trafficking is influenced by needle insertion. a–f Representative histological micrographs of frontal brain sections from mice showing IgG distribution in and around the needle track following intrathecal injection of normal-IgG 1, 2, 3, or 7 days after sterile needle insertion. Sections show higher deposition of IgG 1 day post needle insertion compared to later time points. g Comparison of relative expression of inflammation-associated cytokines (IL-10, TGFβ, IL-4, IFNγ, and TNFα) between the cortex and striatum from mice 1 day post needle insertion and unmanipulated (unm) mice. Data were analyzed by two-tailed nonparametric Student’s t test followed by the Mann–Whitney test. Results are presented as means ± SEM. Bar 200 μm